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LECTURE OBJECTIVES (Instructional goals)AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. Give the overall equation for cellular respiration and contrast it to that for photosynthesis, recognize that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are linked in a chemical cycle. (Note that the photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration.)
2. Associate the major parts of cellular respiration with the structure of the mitochondrion.
3. List the raw materials and products of cellular respiration: know the steps of the three major parts of cellular respiration, and the two forms of alternative fermentation pathways.
4. Explain how aerobic cellular respiration is used to generate ATP in the presence of oxygen.
5. Explain how fermentation can be used to generate ATP in the absence of oxygen.
6. Follow a molecule through the steps of interconversion of fats, protein, and carbohydrates.
7. Recognize that starvation resulting in protein being used as a source of energy usually is fatal.
8. Define selected key terms. (Contrast the term cellular respiration with the term respiration, which is often used to refer to the process of breathing.)
LECTURE QUIZ
Name the two major metabolic "energy-transforming pathways":
• 1. _________________________________________________________
• 2. _________________________________________________________
• 3. Explain the cellular respiration using your own words:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Name the four major reactions of the cellular respiration:
• 4. _________________________________________________
• 5. _________________________________________________
• 6. _________________________________________________
• 7. _________________________________________________
Name the fermentation reaction in yeast, and the end product(s):
• 8. ___________________________________________________________________________
Name the fermentation reaction in human muscle cells, and the end products(s):
• 9. ___________________________________________________________________________
Name the fermentation reaction in yogurt bacteria, and the end products(s):
• 10. ___________________________________________________________________________
• 11. Arrange (1, 2, 3) the food macromolecules in the order used for energy by the cell + state some function(s):
Proteins: _______ Functions: _________________________________________________________________
Carbohydrates: _______ Functions: _________________________________________________________________
Lipids: _______ Functions: _________________________________________________________________
• 12. In your own words explain why improper dieting can be dangerous:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
• 13. Energy transformation from light energy to chemical bond energy of carbohydrate molecules?
________________________________________________
• 14. Breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water with buildup of ATP?
________________________________________________
15. Some desert beetles can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. They survive on "metabolic water", which
a. is produced as water from the organisms they eat.
b. is absorbed from the air along with respiratory oxygen.
c. is a breakdown product of pyruvate, along with carbon dioxide inside the mitochondria. _________________
d. is an original storehouse of water that is never allowed to pass out of the cell membrane.
e. is a breakdown product from glycolysis in the cytoplasm.
17: Explain the figure below:
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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