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LECTURE OBJECTIVES (Instructional goals)1. Recognize that two laws of thermodynamics guide the nature of energy transformations.
2. Compare the energy transformations / reactions involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration, showing how these processes are related.
3. Distinguish between exergonic vs. endergonic reactions.
4. Explain the need for enzymes in the maintenance of living things, and describe what happens when an enzyme and substrate combine (recognize that enzymes catalyze biological reactions by lowering the energy of activation needed to break/form chemical bonds).
5. Explain the role of cofactors (e.g., vitamins) in enzyme operation.
6. Describe the effects of enzyme inhibitors and [other] environmental factors, such as temperature, pH and salt, on enzymes.
7. Describe how ATP functions as a universal energy shuttle, carrying energy in usable chunks from large storage molecules to places in cells where work needs to be done.
8. Define selected key terms
LECTURE QUIZ
1. Define energy and give an example:
_______________see Textbook Glossary page G-7______________________
Example: _______Textbook page 102___________________
Name the two major forms of energy, and give an example
• 2. ________Textbook page 102___________ Example: _________energy of motion_____________
• 3. _______Textbook page 102__________ Example: _____stored energy _____________
Describe the two laws of thermodynamics:
4. 1st law: _________________________"Energy cannot be..." Textbook page 102___________________________
5. 2nd law: _____________________"Energy cannot be..." Textbook page 103________________________________
Name the two major metabolic “energy-transforming pathways” in living organism:
6. ___________see Photosynthesis study guide___________________
7. ________________________see Photosynthesis study guide_______________
8. Explain what an enzyme is, give an example:
______________________see Textbook Glossary page G-7, or textbook page 107____________________
Example: _________Figure 6.9, Textbook page 108_________
9. Explain what ATP is and state the full name:___________energy molecule of the body______
Full name of ATP: ________Textbook page 52___________________________________________
10a. Explain the difference between “exergonic” and “endergonic” reactions:
exergonic: ________Chemical reaction that releases energy___________
endergonic: _______________opposite to exergonic reaction, see page 104_____________________
10b. Explain the term “activation energy”:
____________the energy needed to cause molecules to react with each other, e.g., the heat from a burning match_________
see Photosynthesis study guide
a. plants
b. plants and algae
c. plants and some bacteria
d. plants, algae, and some bacteria
e. none of the above
12. Explain the figure below:
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____see Photosynthesis study guide_____
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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