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3b. Water Chemistry Study Guide/Quiz KEY
ALL answers can be found in the ONLINE LECTURE NOTES on Dr. Nilssons CyberOffice, or in the textbook on pages noted.


LECTURE OBJECTIVES

‚ AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Discuss why water is important.
2. List and describe the unique properties of water that make the molecule indispensable to living systems.
3. Explain the difference between an acid, a base, a salt and a buffer, and recognize that it is important that pH remains within natural limits (explain how these properties are related to hydrogen bonding).
4. List potential damage caused by acid precipitation, and recognize that changes in natural pH impacts natural ecosystems.
8. Define selected key terms.

• List three reasons why water is important:

1. Life (the first cells) emerged in water

2. Living things are made mostly of water

3. Whater have unique properties essential to life



• Explain the difference between an acid, a base, a salt and a buffer. Select from the following (write the answers on the lines below):

-- Substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes in a solution. (see the textbook glossary)
-- Substance having a sour taste that releases H+ ions in water. (see the textbook glossary)
-- Substance having a bitter taste that releases OH- ions in water. (see the textbook glossary)
-- Inorganic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base. salt

4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________________________________________________



• Give the pH for the water solutions below. Select from the following pH values (write the answers on the lines below):
-- pH 1 -- pH 3 -- pH 5 -- pH 7 -- pH 9 -- pH 11 -- pH 13

(see Starr , p. 28, pH scale figure)


8. Water: 7_ 9. Coffee: ________ 10. Oven cleaner: __________ 11. Coke: __________

12. Stomach acid: _________ 13. Stomach antacids: _________ 14. Household ammonia: _________



• Explain in your own words the term “acid precipitation”:

15. (Rain, snow or fog with acidic pH -- see “Acid deposition” in Starr, p. 29. or look it up in the glossary, or in the index)

________________________________________________________________________________________________


• List three potential damages caused by acid precipitation:

16. plant damage / soil damage / water damage

17. structural damage / visual damage

18. (see Starr, p. 29, or ecology chapters. )