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3a. Basic Chemistry Study Guide/Quiz KEY
ALL answers can be found in the ONLINE LECTURE NOTES on Dr. Nilssons CyberOffice, or in the textbook on pages noted.

LECTURE OBJECTIVES

AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Explain the difference between an element and an atom.
2. Explain the difference between an atom and an ion.
3. Name and describe the subatomic particles of an atom, indicating which one accounts for the occurrence of isotopes.
4. Describe and discuss the energy levels (electron shells) of an atom, including the orbitals of the first two levels.
5. Draw a simplified atomic structure of any atom with an atomic number less than 20.
6. Name and describe the most common bonds in biological molecules.
7. Draw representative atomic structures for ionic and covalent molecules, and distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
8. Define selected key terms.

QUIZ

• 1. Draw an atom with at least two shells and label the following parts: (electron(s), neutron(s), proton(s)

(see Starr, p. 20-23)

• 2. Fill in the blanks:

Everything in the universe is either matter or energy . Anything that has

weight (mass) and takes up space (volume), i.e., you can potentially touch it, is made of matter .

Matter is made of elements, of which there are 92 naturally occurring.


• 3. Give the chemical shorthand for the listed elements: (see Starr, Ch. 2)


a. Oxygen: _______, b. Helium: _______, c. Hydrogen: _______, d. Sodium: _______, e. Potassium: _______, f. Chlorine: _______,

g. Chlorine: _______, h. Carbon: _______, i. Magnesium: _________, j. Silver: _________, k. Gold: _________, l. Lead: _______.


• 4. a. Number of electrons in an atom of oxygen: (see Starr, p. 23), b. Number of electrons in an atom of hydrogen: (see Mader, p. 23).


• 5. a. The outermost shell of an atom is called the valence shell. b. Number of electrons in

the valence shell of the noble gas Helium: (see Starr, p. 23), b. Number of electrons in the valence she.ll of the noble gas Neon: 8 ,

c. Number of electrons in the valence shell of sodium: (see Starr, p. 24), d. Number of electrons in the valence (outermost) shell of chlorine: (see Starr, p. 24),

e. Number of electrons in the valence shell of oxygen: (see Starr, p. 23), f. Number of electrons in the valence shell of nitrogen: (see Starr, periodic table in the appendix) .


• 6. By definition the atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.


• 7. Name three chemical bonds, state how the bonds are held together, and state if the bonds are weak or strong:

a. Ionic bond -- opposite charges -- strong b. Kovalent bond -- sharing of electrons -- strong c. Hydrogen bond -- weak charges due to polarity -- weak

• 8. a. Subatomic particle with a negative charge: electron , b. subatomic particle with a positive

charge: proton , c. subatomic particle without a charge: neutron .



• 9. Name and give the chemical shorthand for the four most common elements in the human body:

a. Oxygen -- O,
b. Carbon -- C ,
c. Hydrogen -- H ,
d. Nitrogen -- N .


• 10. Name the following two trace elements: (I) Iodine , (Fe) Iron