General Biology Hub

Lecture Learning Tools

16. Homeostasis

• 01. Understand how the human body maintains a rather constant internal environment despite changing external conditions.
• 02. Know the components and mechanism of homeostasis, and use temperature regulation to describe the mechanism.
• 03. Define and discuss negative and positive feedback mechanisms.

17. Tissues, Organs and Organ systems

• 04. Understand the various levels of animal organization, and distinguish between the terms cell, tissue, organ, and organ system.
• 05. Know the characteristics of the various types of tissues. Know the types of cells that compose each tissue type and cite some examples of organs that contain significant amounts of each tissue type.
• 06. Name and describe each of the major organ systems in a mammalian body.
• 07. Describe the composition and functions of blood and be able to trace a drop of blood through the complete pulmonary and systemic circuits, and recognize that circulatory system transports molecules, cells, and heat.
• 08. Understand the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
• 09. List the six classes of nutrients and be familiar with the four basic food groups; know examples of each, their sources, and their benefits.
• 10. Give examples of psychological eating disorders and deficiency diseases.
• 11. Know the principal means of controlling human fertility.

TRY THIS QUESTION:

Name the four types of tissues in the human body.


18. Taxonomy

• 12. Discuss grounds for classification.
• 13. Discuss reasons that biologists disagree about how many kingdoms of organisms exist.
• 14. Know and characterize (list several characteristics for) the five / six kingdoms
• 15. Explain Carl von Linné's contribution to the field of taxonomy.
• 16. List, in order, the categories (taxa) used in today's hierarchy of classification, and classify selected organisms -- including humans, using the system.
• 17. Recognize what constitutes a scientific species name
• 18. Explain the use of a dichotomous key.
• 19. Discuss the endosymbiotic theory.
• 20. Distinguish between classification, taxonomy, and phylogeny.
• 21. Define selected key terms

TRY THIS QUESTION:

Why is Latin used for scientific species names?

a. Latin is the most commonly spoken language on Earth.
b. Latin is the only language that fits the taxonomic rules.
d. Latin is a universally understood language.
c. When taxonomy originated, Latin was a universally used language among educated people.
e. None of the above



19. Monera

• 22. Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• 23. Outline the characteristics of the kingdom Monera.
• 24. Discuss some criteria used in classifying bacteria.
• 25. Discuss the archaebacteria, explaining why they may better be classified in a sixth kingdom.
• 26. Describe the principal types of eubacteria, give some examples of each, and list some beneficial and harmful effects, including some commercial uses of bacteria.
• 27. Discuss some unique features of bacterial feeding and living requirements.
• 28. Know the major classification groups of bacteria.
• 29. Define selected key terms.

TRY THIS QUESTION:


Bacterial cell walls are a mixture of polysaccharides and polypeptides called

a. cellulose
b. peptidoglycan
c. phospholipid
d. nucleic acids
e. amino acids


20. Protista

• 30. Discuss the characteristics of the kingdom Protista, and some criteria used in classifying protistans.
• 31. List the three major groups of protistans and their differences
• 32. List the major phyla of the protistans, give some examples of each, and list some beneficial and harmful protistans, including some parasites.
• 33. List the way protistans differ from bacteria.
• 34. Define selected key terms.

TRY THIS QUESTION:

Parasitic, flagellated protozoans of tropical regions known as trypanosomes are associated with which disease(s)

a. malaria
b. toxoplasmosis
c. African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease
d. common cold
e. amoebic dysentery

21. Fungi

• 35. Discuss the characteristics of the kingdom Fungi, and some criteria used in classifying fungi.
• 36. List the major phyla of the fungi, and give some examples of each.
• 37. List the way fungi differ from bacteria and protistans.
• 38. Define selected key terms.

TRY THIS QUESTION:

Fungi are important in food chains as

a. producers
b. herbivores
c. carnivores
d. decomposers
e. none of the above


22. Plantae

• 39. Discuss the characteristics of the kingdom Plantae, and some criteria used in classifying plants.
• 40. List the major phyla of the plantae, and give some examples of each.
• 41. List the way fungi differ from bacteria, protistans, and fungi.
• 42. Define selected key terms.

TRY THIS QUESTION:

Which of these are characteristics of plants?

a. multicellular with specialized tissue and organs
b. photosynthetic and contain chlorophyll a and b
c. protect the developing embryo from desiccation
d. All of the above
e. None of the above


23 & 24 Animalia

• 43. Discuss the characteristics of the kingdom Animalia, and some criteria used in classifying animals.
• 44. List the major phyla of the animalia, and give some examples of each.
• 45. List the major classes of the subphylum Vertebrata, and give some examples of each.
• 46. List the way animalia differ from bacteria, protistans, fungi, and plantae.
• 47. Define selected key terms.

TRY THESE QUESTIONS:

i. The animal phylum that contains the greatest number of species is

a. Nematoda
b. Mollusca
c. Annelida
d. Arthropoda
e. Chordata

ii. Amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for

a. respiration
b. feeding
c. reproduction
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c


Ecology

• 48. Recognize the relationships that organisms have to each other in an ecosystem.
• 49. Understand that useful energy is lost as energy passes from one trophic level to the next.
• 50. Understand that useful chemicals (nutrients) are recycled.
• 51. Understand that humans have converted natural ecosystems to human use.
• 52. Understand that organisms interact in a variety of ways within communities.
• 53. Recognize that communities proceed through a series of stages to stable climax communities.
• 54. Define selected key terms.

TRY THIS QUESTION:

Of all water on the Earth’s surface, most of it is NOT fit for human consumption because it contains salt.

(a) True
(b) False

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